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1“Untokening 1.0 — Principles of Mobility Justice.” Untokening. November 11, 2017. https://www.untokening.org/updates/2017/11/11/untokening-10-principles-of-mobility-justice.
2Chicago Transit Authority, “CTA Performance Metrics & Reports,” transitchicago.com, September 2024, https://www.transitchicago.com/performance/.
3“Title VI Program Triennial Report,” Chicago Transit Authority, 2022, https://www.transitchicago.com/assets/1/28/Title_VI_Program_Triennial_Report.pdf.
4“Service Standards and Policies,” Chicago Transit Authority, May 2023, https://www.transitchicago.com/assets/1/6/Chicago_Transit_Authority_Service_Standards.pdf.
5ibid
6“82 - Kimball-Homan.” Chicagoland Transit. Accessed November 12, 2024. https://chicagolndtransit.org/cta/route/82-kimball-homan.
7“Untokening 1.0 — Principles of Mobility Justice.” Untokening. November 11, 2017. https://www.untokening.org/updates/2017/11/11/untokening-10-principles-of-mobility-justice.
8“Untokening 1.0 — Principles of Mobility Justice.” Untokening. November 11, 2017. https://www.untokening.org/updates/2017/11/11/untokening-10-principles-of-mobility-justice.
9Phoebe Tollefson, K-Town: Greystones, Block Clubs and a presidential library bid, Medill Reports Chicago, May 7 2015, https://news.medill.northwestern.edu/chicago/preserving-k-town-history/.
10“North Lawndale.” Encyclopedia of Chicago, 2005, http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/901.html.
11“82 - Kimball-Homan.” Chicagoland Transit. Accessed November 12, 2024. https://chicagolndtransit.org/cta/route/82-kimball-homan.
12“Remembering the 1968 Riots on Chicago’s West Side.” WTTW Chicago. Accessed November 18, 2024. https://interactive.wttw.com/chicago-stories/when-the-west-side-burned/remembering-the-1968-riots.
13“Remembering the 1968 Riots on Chicago’s West Side.” WTTW Chicago. Accessed November 18, 2024. https://interactive.wttw.com/chicago-stories/when-the-west-side-burned/remembering-the-1968-riots.
14“#82-Kimball-Homan Route History.” Illinois Railway Museum. Accessed November 10, 2024. http://irm-cta.org/RouteDescriptions/RouteHistories/081-100/082-Kimball-Homan.pdf.
15“82 Kimball-Homan.” Chicago Transit Authority. Accessed November 10, 2024. https://www.transitchicago.com/bus/82/.
16“Community Data Snapshots.” Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning, August 29, 2024. https://cmap.illinois.gov/data/community-data-snapshots/.
17"Community Data Snapshots.” Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning, August 29, 2024. https://cmap.illinois.gov/data/community-data-snapshots/.
18United States Census Bureau. 2021 Planning Database. https://www.census.gov/topics/research/guidance/planning-databases.html.
19“Community Data Snapshots.” Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning, August 29, 2024. https://cmap.illinois.gov/data/community-data-snapshots/.
20U.S. Department of Transportation | Office of the Secretary of Transportation | Bureau of Transportation Statistics. (2018, September). Travel Patterns of American Adults with Disabilities.
21“North Lawndale: A neighborhood plan.” Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning. Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning. https://www.cmap.illinois.gov/documents/10180/126764/North+Lawndale.pdf
22Ibid.
23Ibid.
24Ibid.
25Alby Gallun, Bringing a Jobs Desert Back to Life. Crain’s Chicago Business, December 16 2021, https://www.chicagobusiness.com/crains-forum-jobs/what-will-it-take-increase-employment-south-and-west-sides.
26Pascal Sabino, “Lawndale Has Been Robbed of Equitable Investment for Generations, New Study Finds,” Block Club Chicago, April 26 2022, https://blockclubchicago.org/2022/04/26/lawndale-has-been-robbed-of-equitable-investment-for-generations-new-study-finds/.
27“North Lawndale: A neighborhood plan.” Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning. North Lawndale: A neighborhood plan. Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning. https://www.cmap.illinois.gov/documents/10180/126764/North+Lawndale.pdf.
28Gwendolyn Y. Purifoye. “Transit affinities: The distinctiveness of Black social interactions on public transportation,” Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race, 17(2), 389-410, 2020.
29“North Lawndale: A neighborhood plan.” Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning. Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning. https://www.cmap.illinois.gov/documents/10180/126764/North+Lawndale.pdf
30“Farm on Ogden”, Farm On Ogden | Chicago Botanic Garden, https://www.chicagobotanic.org/urbanagriculture/farm_on_ogden
31Aimi Hamraie, “Crip Mobility Justice: Ableism and Active Transportation Debates.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 2020. https://www.ijurr.org/spotlight-on/disabling-city/crip-mobility-justice/.
32Kate Lowe, Juan Barajas, and Crystal Coren. “'It’s Annoying, Confusing, and It’s Irritating': Lived Expertise for Epistemic Justice and Understanding Inequitable Accessibility.” Journal of Transport Geography 106 (2023).
33“Measuring how people get around northeastern Illinois”, Chicago Metropolitan Agency For Planning, Accessed October 18, 2024, https://cmap.illinois.gov/data/transportation/travel-survey/.
34While officially named “South Lawndale,” the community area directly to the south of North Lawndale is locally known as “Little Village” or “La Villita” because of its high proportion of Mexican residents.
35“Community Data Snapshots.” Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning, August 29, 2024, https://cmap.illinois.gov/data/community-data-snapshots/.
36Sarah Karp, Nader Issa, Lauren FitzPatrick and Alden Loury. “After 10 years, Chicago school closings have left big holes, and promises unkept.”, NPR Chicago, WBEZ, June 1, 2023, https://www.npr.org/2023/06/01/1178727834/after-10-years-chicago-school-closings-have-left-big-holes-and-promises-unkept
37Nader Issa, “Proposal to close 3 North Lawndale schools and open a new one put on hold, CPS says,” Chicago Sun-Times, December 1 2020, https://chicago.suntimes.com/education/2020/12/1/21768292/cps-school-closure-north-lawndale-sumner-lawndale-community-academy-crown-academy-fine-arts
38“Apply and Enroll,” Chicago Public Schools, Accessed November 3, 2024, https://www.cps.edu/schools/apply-enroll/.
39Matthew Palm & Steven Farber, “The role of public transit in school choice and after-school activity participation among Toronto high school students,” Travel Behavior and Society 19, April 2020: 219, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2020.01.007.
40Matthew Palm & Steven Farber, “The role of public transit in school choice and after-school activity participation among Toronto high school students,” Travel Behavior and Society 19, April 2020: 219-230, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2020.01.007.
41“Learn about Environmental Justice,” U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Accessed November 12, 2024, https://www.epa.gov/environmentaljustice/learn-about-environmental-justice.
42“Risk-Based Vulnerability Assessment,” Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning, Chicago IL: Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning, 2024.
43“Community Tree Canopy Summaries,” Chicago Region Tree Initiative, Chicago, IL: Openlands, 2020, https://mortonarb.org/plant-and-protect/chicago-region-trees-initiative/community-tree-canopy-summaries/.
44“Community Tree Canopy Summaries,” Chicago Region Tree Initiative
45“Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964,” Federal Transit Administration, Accessed November 19, 2024, https://www.transit.dot.gov/title6.
46Complete analysis process located in the Appendix.
47“Service Standards and Policies,” Chicago Transit Authority, May 2023, https://www.transitchicago.com/assets/1/6/Chicago_Transit_Authority_Service_Standards.pdf.
48“Title VI Program Triennial Report,” Chicago Transit Authority, 2022, https://www.transitchicago.com/assets/1/28/Title_VI_Program_Triennial_Report.pdf.
49This percentage was determined by analyzing the length of bus routes (gathered from the Chicago Data Portal 2024 bus routes map) within CTA-defined minority tracts (2020 decennial census data used for race, 2020 Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing system (TIGER) shapefile used for census tracts) in ArcGIS Pro in conjunction with the percentages in the table located on page 47 of CTA’s 2022 Title VI Triennial Report. Complete process detailed in the Appendix.
50“Title VI Program Triennial Report,” Chicago Transit Authority, 2022, https://www.transitchicago.com/assets/1/28/Title_VI_Program_Triennial_Report.pdf.
51“Regional Peer Review: Report Year 2022,” Regional Transportation Authority, 2022, https://rtams.org/sites/default/files/documents/2024-02/RTA_RegionalPeerReview_2022_0.pdf.
52“Subway and Bus Ridership for 2022,” Metropolitan Transportation Authority, MTA, 2022, https://new.mta.info/agency/new-york-city-transit/subway-bus-ridership-2022.
53“Annual Ridership Report Calendar Year 2022,” Chicago Transit Authority, 2022, https://www.transitchicago.com/assets/1/6/2022_Annual_Report_-_FINAL.pdf.
54Definitions for on-time vary by agency, and are located in the Glossary of Terms in the Appendix.
55Yingling Fan, Andrew Guthrie, and David Levinson, “Waiting Time Perceptions at Transit Stops and Stations: Effects of Basic Amenities, Gender, and Security,” Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 88, June 2016: 251–64, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2016.04.012.
56Fan, Yingling, Andrew Guthrie, and David Levinson.
57Xiao Shi et al., “Does Improving Stop Amenities Help Increase Bus Rapid Transit Ridership? Findings Based on a Quasi-Experiment,” Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives 10, June 2021: 100323, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2021.100323.
58“Public Right-of-Way Accessibility Guidelines (PROWAG),” U.S. Access Board, (Washington, DC: U.S. Access Board, 2024), https://www.access-board.gov/prowag.
59Jim Sallis, “Auditing the Pedestrian Environment: A Brief Tool for Practitioners & Community Members,” Active Living, September 2, 2015, https://activelivingresearch.org/blog/2015/09/auditing-pedestrian-environment-brief-tool-practitioners-community-members.
60“Community Tree Canopy Summaries,” Chicago Region Tree Initiative
61“Title vi Program Triennial Report,” Chicago Transit Authority, 2022, https://www.transitchicago.com/assets/1/28/Title_VI_Program_Triennial_Report.pdf.
62“DART Service Standards,” Dallas Area Rapid Transit, December 2021, https://www.dart.org/docs/default-source/board/board-documents/dartservicestandards.pdf.
63“Title vi Program Update,” Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority, metro.net, October 2022, https://libraryarchives.metro.net/DB_Attachments/LA%20Metro%20Title%20VI%20Program%20Update%20Sept2022%20Draft.pdf.
64“State of the System Snapshot,” Miami Dade Transit, 2023, https://www.miamidade.gov/transit/library/DTPW-system-snapshot-23.pdf.
65Thomas Dinapoli, “Metropolitan Transportation Authority -New York City Transit and MTA Bus Company Bus Wait Assessment and Other Performance Indicators,” 2019, https://www.osc.ny.gov/files/state-agencies/audits/pdf/sga-2019-17s54.pdf.
66Paula Nash, “Title vi Program Plan,” Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority, Accessed November 20, 2024, https://www.itsmarta.com/uploadedFiles/Get_to_Know_MARTA/System_Information/Accessible_Services/Title%20VI%20Plan%202022-2025%20Final2.pdf.
67“Title vi Program,” Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority, June 2023, https://cdn.mbta.com/sites/default/files/2023-11/2023-11-14-mbta-title-VI-program.pdf.
68“Bus Service Guidelines - Metrobus,” Washington Area Bus Transformation Project and Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority, 2020, https://www.wmata.com/initiatives/plans/upload/Final-MetroBus-Service-Guidelines-2020-12.pdf.
69“Service Standards and Process,” Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority, 2019, https://planning.septa.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Service-Standards-and-Service-Development-Process-2020.pdf.
70“Bus Service Guidelines - Metrobus,” Washington Area Bus Transformation Project and Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority, 2020, https://www.wmata.com/initiatives/plans/upload/Final-MetroBus-Service-Guidelines-2020-12.pdf.
71“Title vi Program Triennial Report,” Chicago Transit Authority, 2022, https://www.transitchicago.com/assets/1/28/Title_VI_Program_Triennial_Report.pdf.
72U.S. Census Bureau, “Most Children Younger than Age 1 Are Minorities, Census Bureau Reports,” www.census.gov, 2012, https://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/population/cb12-90.html.
73“Title vi Program Triennial Report,” Chicago Transit Authority, 2022, https://www.transitchicago.com/assets/1/28/Title_VI_Program_Triennial_Report.pdf.
74Samuel George et al, The plunder of black wealth in Chicago: New Findings on the Lasting Toll of Predatory Housing Contracts, May 2019, https://socialequity.duke.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Plunder-of-Black-Wealth-in-Chicago.pdf
75“Learn about Environmental Justice,” U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Accessed November 12, 2024, https://www.epa.gov/environmentaljustice/learn-about-environmental-justice.
76Chicago Transit Authority Service Standards and Policies. (2023, May). https://www.transitchicago.com/assets/1/6/Chicago_Transit_Authority_Service_Standards.pdf

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